95 research outputs found
Characterization of Vibrio spp. associated with Diseased Shrimp from Culture Ponds of Andhra Pradesh(India)
Surveys undertaken on diseases caused by Vibrio spp. in Penaeus monodon from culture ponds of coastal Andhra Pradesh recorded the occurrence of five types of diseases : tailnecrosis,shelldisease,reddisease,looseshellsyndrome(LSS), and white gut disease(WGD). Amongthese,LSS,WGD,and red disease caused mass mortalities in shrimp cultureponds. Six species of Vibrio V.harveyi,V.parahaemolyticus,V.alginolyticus,V.anguillarum,V.vulnificus,and V.splendidus are associated with the diseased shrimp. The number of Vibrio spp. associated with each disease ranged from two to five. Additionally,shrimp with red disease had concurrent infections with white spot syndrome virus.Vibrio harveyi in the case of LSS and WGD, V. parahaemolyticus for reddisease, and V.algino-lyticus for shell disease are the major etiologcalagents. Differences occur in the degree of virulence of different species of Vibrio and also different isolates of the same species. Vibrioharveyi isolated from LSS shrimp is the most virulent.Ingeneral, allthe Vibrio isolates from LSS shrimp tend to be more virulent as compared to their counter parts fromo the diseased shrimp.It is apparent that the degree of virulence of various Vibrio isolates depends on its source and the pond environmental conditions. Most of the Vibrio isolates showed susceptibility to oxy-tetracycline, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The luminous V.harveyi exhibited resistance to many antibiotics and susceptibility to only three drugs. Considering the emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains of Vibrio, the need for using probiotics in place of antibiotics for disease control is stressed
Biochemical Constituents of Shrimps from Semi-Intensive and Modified-Extensive Culture Ponds
A quantitative study on the occurrence of major biochemical constituents including
protein, carbohydrate, lipid and cholesterol in the muscle of different growth stages of
Penaeus monodon collected from semi-intensive (SI) and modified-extensive (ME) culture
ponds of coastal Andhra Pradesh, adopting different feeding schedules was undertaken.
The objective was to determine the effects of the age of shrimp and the stocking density
on the biochemical composition of the muscle. Protein was found to be the major biochemical
constituent and an increase in protein content with advancement of shrimp age was
recorded. Glycogen occurred only in traces. Lipid and cholesterol occurred in moderate
quantities with concentrations slightly higher in shrimps of SI ponds as compared to those
of ME ponds. Overall, the stocking density had little impact on protein and glycogen concentration
in the muscle
Characteristics, Pathogenicity and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Isolates from White Spot Diseased Shrimp
A bacteriological study was undertaken on white spot diseased shrimp collected from
extensive, modified-extensive and semi-intensive ponds located at Visakhapatnam and East
Godavari districts of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. The diseased shrimp exhibited white
spots and red discoloration of the body. Four species of bacteria, V. alginolyticus, V.
parahaemolyticus, V. anguillarum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the
hemolymph of the diseased shrimp. V. alginolyticus was found to be the most dominant
and virulent species. All the bacterial isolates showed sensitivity towards oxytetracycline
which is a commonly used antibiotic in culture ponds
Survival, Growth and Production of Penaeus monodon in Modified- Extensive and Semi Intensive Culture Systems of Andhra Pradesh, India
An analysis was made on the stocking density, survival, growth and production of Penaeus monodon
in semi intensive (SI) and modified extensive (ME) shrimp culture ponds located in East Godavari district of
Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. Survival of shrimp in the ME systems with low stocking densities is higher (56 -
88%) than in the SI systems (12.3 тАУ 52%) with higher stocking densities. Growth of shrimp is dependent not only
on the stocking density but also on the management practices. Although the percent survival is more in ME system
the growth is much faster in SI system owing to better management practices. Weight gain of shrimp was more
rapid in the SI system than in the ME system initially up to 90 days of culture (DOC) but the trend was reverse in the
later age of culture period. The optimum stocking density for achieving maximum production in the area is
suggested as 10-15 individuals / m2 in SI ponds and 3-5 individuals / m2 in ME ponds
Occurrence of concurrent infections with multiple viruses in Penaeus monodon from culture ponds of north coastal Andhra Pradesh
A histopathological study of Penaeus monodon show-ing external symptoms of white spot disease, collected from culture ponds at Mulakuddu and Rambilli villages (Visakhapatnam District) during May and July 2001, provided evidence for the occurrence of multiple viral infections. Each diseased shrimp carried concurrent infections with four different viruses, identified on the basis of nuclear changes, resulting in the formation of characteristic inclusion/occlusion bodies, as WSSV, YHV, MBV and IHHNV. The iden-tification of the various viruses needs confirmation through molecular diagnostic methods. This consti-tutes a report recording concurrent infections with multiple viruses in a single shrimp
Probiotic activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PIC-4) isolated from Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal, India, against Vibrio harveyi in Penaeus monodon
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PIC 4), isolated from coastal waters of Visakhapatnam (Gen Bank Accession no:
KF803248) was tested for its antagonistic activity against Vibrio harveyi as probiotic in cultured Penaeus
monodon. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PIC 4 has proved to be non-pathogenic to the shrimp by pathogenicity
tests. Vibrio counts in probiotic fed shrimp and the surrounding water medium were significantly lower
when compared to the control group of shrimp and water during 50 days of culture. Mean weight of probiont
fed shrimps after 50 days of culture was (2.21 + 0.15 g) , significantly higher than that of normal diet fed
ones (1.33+0.18 g). Survival percent was also significantly higher in probiont fed shrimp (47.33% + 5.55%)
than that of the control diet fed shrimp (26.33% + 7%). Percent survival in probiotic fed and normal diet fed
shrimp after the challenge with V. harveyi was 93.04 and 38.87 respectively
Note on a bumper catch of Threadfin sea catfish in shore seine
For past several years catfish did not form a fishery at Karwar located in the Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka. However, during the routine observations on the fish landings at Aligadda Fish Landing Centre, Karwar, an unusual bumper catch of about 3 tons of cat fish Arius arius was recorded from shore seine (Yendi bale) in the early hours of 28th July 2018. locally known as "Billi Shade", the catch was so heavy that it was difficult to drag the net to the shore and the haul was partially harvested at sea itself. The net operated by around 40 fishers at a depth of less than 8 metres, was 400 m in length
Experimental studies on Macro fouling communities on net panels at marine cage farm of Karwar, India
A study was undertaken on the fouling pattern, monthly settlement and species dominance at marine cage
culture during the year 2014-2015. The net panels deployed at three different depths during December
2014 and the study was carried out for seven months. The study revealed wide variations in colonization
of the bio-foulers, the density varied between 2-260/cm2. The overall density was found to be more in
bottom panels (6mt) compared to the top (1mt) and middle panels (3mt). The overall dominant species
were hydroids and barnacles throughout the culture period. In the top panels, hydroids were dominant
(91.67%) during December, followed by barnacles and amphipods. Additionally, complete dominance of
barnacles was observed in the middle panel during May. Barnacles were found dominant (93.75%) on the
bottom panels during March, followed by hydroids and crabs. The study underscored that barnacles
formed a major contribution of the fouling organisms throughout the culture period. Significant variation
in the occurrence and abundance of fouling organisms was observed, between the depths at cage sit
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance pattern of Vibrio harveyi from Luminous Vibriosis affected cultured Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon in Andhra Pradesh, India
An investigation was undertaken to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance
exhibited by Vibrio harveyi, isolated from diseased Penaeus monodon, collected
from culture ponds located in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. A total of
159 isolates of Vibrio harveyi, of which 110 are from four Modified-Extensive
ponds (ME1, ME2, ME3, ME4) and 49 are from four Semi-Intensive ponds (SIA,
SIB, SIC, SID), were screened for their susceptibility to 22 antibiotics. All the
isolates from ME and SI ponds were resistant to penicillin G and 100%
susceptibility was observed in the case of all the isolates of ME ponds towards
Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. The isolates from ME ponds were more resistant
than those from SI ponds and the isolates of ME 1 pond exhibited 100% resistance
towards eight antibiotics, whereas those of SI ponds were 100% resistant to only
one antibiotic. A significant difference was observed in the Multiple Antibiotic
Resistance (MAR) of the isolates from ME ponds, whereas the difference was not
significant in the case of isolates from SI ponds. MAR against 4 - 10 antibiotics
was highest in the isolates from pond ME 4 (90.5%), followed by those from ME 3
(76.7%) and ME 2 (11.4%) and it was highest with 40 % in the isolates from SI D
pond. The study revealed the occurrence of highly virulent strains of Vibrio harveyi
in shrimp culture ponds, which developed resistance to many antibiotics due to
indiscriminate usage of antibiotics
Loose shell syndrome (LSS) of cultured Penaeus monodon - microbiological and histopathological investigations
Investigations were undertaken on loose shell syndrome (LSS) of cultured Penaeus monodon during the period 2009 - 2010.
The infected shrimps were collected from culture ponds of east and west Godavari districts in Andhra Pradesh, India and
were subjected to microbiological and histopathological studies. Four species of Vibrio were isolated from the diseased
shrimps and were identified as V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. metschnikovii and V. fluvialis based on morphological
characteristics and biochemical tests. Histopathological studies revealed the presence of occlusion and inclusion bodies of
monodon baculovirus (MBV), hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus (HPV), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in
hepatopancreatic and gill tissues. All the LSS affected shrimps collected during the present study were found infected with
V. harveyi and concurrent infections of other Vibrio species were observed in 40% of the samples. Prevalence of infection
with WSSV, MBV and HPV was less compared to Vibrio infections. Granuloma formation was observed in the affected
tissues due to bacterial invasions. Multiple viral infections in association with Vibrio sp. were also observed in 2% of
LSS affected shrimp
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